Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling.
3 , there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to 4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, 5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.
You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.
12 , even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child’s self-esteem.
If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.
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- 2 - Certainly, it’s incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.
1. A tedious 2. A in addition 3. A fortunately 4. A amuse 5. A while 6. A answer 7. A tolerant 8. A move
9. A mysterious 10. A boring 11. A turn back 12. A overall 13. A like 14. A raise 15. A time 16. A nature 17. A cheated 18. A terrible 19. A trying 20. A hide
B pleasant B for example B occasionally B assist B because B task B formal B drag
B illogical B naive
B take apart B instead B miss B affect B bond B secret B defeated B hard B changing B emerge C instructive C at once C accordingly C describe C unless C choice C rigid C push
C suspicious C harsh C set aside C however C believe C justify C race
C importance C confused C strange C exciting C withdraw D tricky
D by accident D eventually D train D once D access D critical D send
D inevitable D vague D cover up D otherwise D regret D reflect D cool D context D confronted D wrong
D surprising D escape
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
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- 3 - Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.
They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial 一 for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.
During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side
Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.
Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.
The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.
The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can
[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats
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- 4 - [B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one [C] attain sociable traits through special training
[D] send out warning messages to their fellow
22. What did the social robot do during the experiment?
[A] It followed the social robot. [B]It played with some toys. [C] It set the trapped rats free. [D]It moved around alone.
23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they
[A] tried to practice a means of escape
[B] expected it to do the same in return
[C] wanted to display their intelligence [D]considered that an interesting game 24. James Wiles notes that rats
[A] can remember other rat's facial features
[B] differentiate smells better than sizes
[C] respond more to cations than to looks
[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 25. It can be learned from the text that rats
[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
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- 5 - [B] are more socially active than other animals [C] behave differently from children in socializing [D]are more sensitive to social cues than expected
Text 2
It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.
The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.
Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company\" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.
The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”
Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation
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- 6 - at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.
26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?
[A] The growth in the number of corporations
[B] The general pay rise with a better economy
[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms
[D] Close cooperation among leading economies
27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to
[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork
[B] finance more research and development
[C] establish closer ties with tech companies
[D] operate more globalized companies
28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite
[A] continual internal opposition
[B] strict corporate governance
[C] conservative business strategies
[D] Repeated government warnings
29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps
[A] confirm the status of CEOs
[B] motivate inside candidates
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- 7 - [C] boost the efficiency of CEOs [D] increase corporate value
30. The most suitable title for this text would be
[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid
[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present
[C] CEOs' challenges of Today
[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define
Text 3
Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.
Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.
Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers 一 who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一 rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.
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- 8 - It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.
But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments 一 Britain’ s and others across Europe - have failed to do so.
Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centres, school streets, even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.
31. Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?
[A] Its effects are questionable [B]It has been opposed by a judge [C] It needs tougher enforcement
[D] Its fate is yet to be decided
32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?
[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.
[B] They prove impractical for city councils.
[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.
[D] They put too much burden on individual motorists.
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- 9 - 33. The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will [A] arouse strong resistance.
[B] ensure Khan's electoral success.
[C] improve the city s traffic.
[D] discourage car manufacturing.
34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?
[A] Local residents
[B] Mayors.
[C] Councilors.
[D] National governments.
35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies
[A] will raise low-emission car production
[B] should be forced to follow regulations
[C] will upgrade the design of their vehicles
[D] should be put under public supervision
Text4
Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people
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- 10 - who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.
If \"entitled\" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.
One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.
36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring
.
[A] are recognized for their abilities
[B] are in favor of job offers
[C] are optimistic about the labor market
[D] are drawing growing public attention
37. Generation Zs are keenly aware
.
[A] what a tough economic situation is like
[B] what their parents expect of them
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- 11 - [C] how they differ from past generations [D] how valuable a counselors advice is
38. The word\"assuage\"(line 9, para 2)is closest in meaning to [A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] deepen
39. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs
.
.
[A] care little about their job performance
[B] give top priority to professional training
[C] think it hard to achieve work-Life balance
[D] have a clear idea about their future job
40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are [A]less realistic [B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generous
Part B
.
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A]Give compliments, just not too many.
[B] Put on a good face, always.
[C] Tailor your interactions.
[D] Spend time with everyone.
[E] Reveal, don't hide, information.
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- 12 - [F] Slow down and listen. [G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.
Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office
Is it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side
41.
If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.
42.
Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.
43.
It's common to have a“cubicle mate\" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the
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- 13 - job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to gTow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.
44.
Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.
45.
This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another, So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.
We can choose to see failure as\"the end of the world, \"or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.
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- 14 - Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.
For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
2% 17%
59.5%
20.5%
某高校学生使用手机阅读目的
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- 15 - 2020 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题解析
Section I Use of English
1 选 D。tricky。解析：B 选项 pleasant(令人愉快的)和 C 选项 instructive(有教育意义的)是正面情绪的词，在文章里，讲到 but，可知这里的词应该是负面情绪，而 A 选项 tedious跟强盗主官感受，而 D 选项 Tricky 更强调客观感受，表示做好的父母是很难的。
2 选 B。for example。解析：空格中需要填插入语，根据句子意思可知，句子说的是不同的孩子对同种育儿方式的反应不同，后面给出的是一个具体的例子。因此，这里应该是 for example。故选 B。
3 选 A。fortunately。解析：题干中说耐心的父母是对父母的一种定义，与之前的“给好的父母下定义很难”，构成转折关系，故 fortunately 与文义最符合。故选 A。
4 选 C。describe。解析：根据语义，a patient parent 是前面的一种描述。所以选 describe。
5 选 A。while。解析：原文说“every parent would like to be patient”“this is no easy”可知，while 符合文意。
6 选 B。task。解析：根据文义，每个父母想要变得耐心不是容易的事，所以 task 最符合文义。
7 选 A。tolerant。解析：Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids。根据 and 前后词并列的原则，composed 意为镇静的、沉着的，故 tolerant(宽容的、容忍的)与后面的意思相近。
8 选 C。Push。解析：下一句话提到：“You lose your patience and either scream at your kids”可知，孩子和父母的关系不好，所以选 push 最合适，意为你的孩子可能会把你逼得有点过分(your kids can push you just a little too far)。
9 选 D。根据文义，当你的孩子可能会把你逼得有点过分时，不可避免的一幕就发生了， 你失去了耐心，要么对着你的孩子大叫...故选 inevitable。
10 选 C。Harsh。根据文义，你失去了耐心，要么对着你的孩子大叫，要么对着你的孩子说一些刺耳的话，故 harsh 最符合文义。
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- 16 - 11 选 A。turn back。You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over，这句 话中，根据并列词 and 后的 start over 可知，你希望重新开始，就意味着你希望 turn back the the clock(时光倒流)。
12 选 C。however。根据逗号后面的 even though 可知，开头是转折语气，故选 however。
13.选 D。regret。根据文义可知，文章想表达的是，你可能会对孩子说一些你让你后悔很长时间的话。故选 regret。
14 选 B。affect。根据连词 but also 可知，后面与前面 damage to your relationship with your child 语义一致，即，这不仅会损害你和孩子的关系，也会影响孩子的自尊。故选 affect。
15 选 D。cool。If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids. then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids。如果你总是因为孩子而失去 15 ，你就在不经意间给你的孩子树立了缺乏情感控制的榜样。根据文义可知， 这里指得是与 emotional control 相似的意思，所以 cool(冷静)最符合文义。
16 选 C。importance。根据下一句话，This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.可知，这种技能很重要，所以 16 题选 importance 最合适。
17 选 D。confronted。.when 17 by stress. 根据文义可知，这里值得是当面对压力， 故选 confronted。
18 选 B。hard。根据常识，保持耐心是很难的，所以 hard 最符合文义，其余选项均不符合文义。
19 选 B。changing。根据文义，文章想表达的是，面对持续变化的境况。故选 changing
20 选 B。Emerge。根据固定搭配，hide from 是隐藏的意思，emerge from 是摆脱的意思，withdraw from 表示退出，escape from 是逃脱，根据文章，这里指的是，你和你的孩子都能摆脱有压力的日子。所以 emerge from 最符合文义。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Text 1
21 选 A。解析：本题考察细节。根据定位词 Quinn and her colleagues 和 a test 可定位到第一段第二句。To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at
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- 17 - the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. 意思是，为了证实这一现象是否也适用于非生物，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的 Loleh Quinn 和她的同事们测试了老鼠是否能察觉到机器老鼠发出的社交信号。pick up social signals from non-living rats 是原文的同义替换。故选 A。
22 选 D。解析：本题考察具体细节。根据关键词 the asocial robot 和 experiment 定位到第三段最后一句 Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.意思是，与此同时，社交机器人只是向前、向后、左右移动。答案 D It moved around alone 是原文的同义替换。
23 选 B。解析：本题考察细节。根据题干关键词 Quinn 和 the rats released the social robots 定位到第四段，This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, she says . 意思是，她说，这可能会让老鼠更好地记得自己早些释放了它，并希望机器人在它们被困时回报它们。选项 B expected it to do the same in return 是 return the favour 的同义替换。
24 选 C。解析：本题考察细节。根据关键词 James Wiles 定位到第六段，The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design， 考虑到这个社交机器人的最小设计，老鼠乐意和它交朋友的程度令人惊讶。第六段说，The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. 这一发现表明，老鼠对社交信号非常敏感，即使这些信号来自简易的机器。正确答案 C respond more to actions than to looks(对行动的反应多于对外表的反应)，是原文的类似表达。
25 选 D。解析：本题为推理题。原文尾段说 The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots.(这一发现表明，老鼠对社交信号非常敏感，即使这些信号来自简易的机器)。D 选项 are more sensitive to social cues than expected 为此意思的同意替换，故选 D。
Text 2
26 选 C。解析：本题考察细节。根据题干关键词 CEO pay rise 定位到第二段，The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.意思是，理解首席执行官薪酬增长的最佳模型是，在顶级公司的商业机会迅速增长的世界中，首席执行官人才非常有限。正确答案 C Increased business opportunities for top firms 增加顶级公司商业机会的增加。
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- 18 - 27 选D。解析：本题考察细节。定位到第三段，Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. 意思是，此外，美国大公司的全球化程度比以往任何时候都要高，其供应链遍布了更多的国家。正确答案 D operate more globalized companies 为该内容的同意替换。
28 选 B。解析：本题考察细节。根据题干中的关键词，1970，可以定位到原文的第四段， By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. B 选项 strict corporate governance 是原句的同义替换。
29 选 D。解析：本题考查细节。根据关键词 High CEO pay，定位到原文 And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO
30 选 A。解析：此题为标题题。根据文章最后两段内容：人们普遍认为，CEO 的高薪主要是为了剥削员工，但这并不能很好地解释历史。以大多数标准衡量，自上世纪 70 年代以来， 公司治理已经变得更加严格。然而，主要是在这段治理更强的时期，首席执行官的薪酬一直很高，而且还在上升。这表明，为越来越艰难的工作招聘优秀的候选人，符合更广泛的企业利益。此外，最高的 CEO 薪酬是支付给外部候选人的，而不是舒服的内部人选，这又一个迹象表明，高 CEO 薪酬不是以牺牲员工利益为代价的掠夺。
这些都可以看出，文章想表达的是 CEO 薪水并未付得过多。
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31 选 C。解析：本题考查细节。根据关键词“Madrid's clean air zone”，定位到原文第二段最后一句话，But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.意思是，但是，鉴于未来的法律斗争，这个区域的未来也最多也只能说是不确定的。 D 选项 Its fate is yet to be decided(它的命运还有待决定)是这句话的同意替换。故选 C。
32 选 D。解析：本题考查细节。根据关键词“a weakness of the city-level measures”，定位到原文第三段：That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers，意思是，这是因为它们不可避免地将净化空气的成本转嫁到个体司机身上。D 选项 They put too much burden on individual motorists(他们施加了太重的负担给个体司机)是该句话的同意替换，故选 D。
33 选 A。解析：本题考查细节。根据关键词“the extension of London's Ulez”，固定位到原文第四段，And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger
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- 19 - number of motorists who will then be affected. 意思是，如果萨迪克·汗获胜，并按照 他的计划在 2021 年将其推广到南北环线道路，这肯定会引发更多将受到影响的驾车者的强烈反对。A 选项 arouse strong resistance(引起强烈抵制)是该句的同意替换，故选 A。
34 选 D。解析：本题考查细节。根据题干问到 should have addressed the problem(本该解决这个问题)，定位到原文倒数第二段最后一句话，They are acting because national governments 一 Britain’s and others across Europe - have failed to do so. 意思是他们在行动因为(英国和欧洲其他国家的)国家政府没能这么做。
35 选 B。解析：根据题目的关键词“last paragraph”和“auto companies”找到原文最后一段第一句话，Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centres, school streets, even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. 意思是，限制高污染汽车进入某些地区——城市中心、学校街道、甚至个别道路——是对缺乏更大努力来适当执行现有法规、并要求汽车公司让他们的车辆合规的回应。选项 B，should be forced to follow regulations 是此意思的同意替换，故选 B。
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36 选 D。解析：本题考查细节。根据题干的关键词“graduating college this spring”，定位的文章第一段第一句，Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.意思是， 如今，Z 一代即将在今年春天从大学毕业，人们最普遍接受的定义是，这一代人出生于 1995 年后，近几周来，人们对 Z 一代的关注也在稳步上升。D 选项，are drawing growing public attention。是此句话的同意替换。
37 选 A。解析：本题考查细节。根据题干的关键词“keenly aware”定位到原文第二段第三句，Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.意思是，尽管他们毕业于过去 50 年来经济形势最好的时代，但 z 一代知道经济列车失事的样子。A 选项，what a tough economic situation is like(艰难的经济形势是什么样子的)与词句为同义替换。
38 选 B。解析：本题考查词汇。Assuage 意思为缓和、减轻，B 选项 relieve 意思为减轻，故选 B。
39 选 D。解析：此题为推断题。根据题干定位到第三段第一句，One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job
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- 20 - in mind.埃森哲的一项调查发现，今年 88%的毕业生在选择专业时都是为了找工作。这说明 他们对未来的工作有更清楚的认识( have a clear idea about their future job)，故选 D。
40 选 B。解析：此题考查细节。根据关键词“compared with millennials”，定位到文章第二段此句话，They aren't interested in taking any chances.(他们对冒险不感兴趣)。选项 B less adventurous(不爱冒险)是原文意思的同意替换，故选 B。
41 选 E。Reveal, don' t hide, information.解析：根据其下一段，The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest. 可知，作者想表达的就不要隐藏信息，要坦诚。E 选项(Reveal, don' t hide, information)与此句子同义，故选 E。
42 选 F。Slow down and listen。根据其下一段，but 转折词后说，but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers，可知，你需要花时间去倾听你的同事的意见，F 选项(慢下来倾听别人)与此句子同义，故选 F。
43 选 D。Spend time with everyone.根据其下一段，but 转折词后说，But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you.可知，除了你信任的同事外，你应该扩大你的社交范围，了解你周围所有的人。D 选项，Spend time with everyone(花时间与每个人相处)是该句话的同义替换。
44 选 A。Give compliments, just not too many。根据其下一段，but 转折词后说，But don't overdo it or be fake about it. 选项 A Give compliments, just not too many(称赞别人太别太过)是该句的同义替换。故选 A。
45 选 C。Tailor your interactions。根据其下一段，so 引导的句子说，So, adapt your style accordingly to type。可知，你需要根据不同类型的人相应地调整你的互动风格。C 选项 Tailor your interactions(个性化调整你的互动)，是这句话的同义替换。
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